GRGR(12)NOTES (6)

[Terrance F. Flaherty]

GR.263.35 Accion Argentina
A militant Catholic organization, outlawed in 1945.

GR.263.39 He already has descamisados
In early October 1945, Perón was ousted from his
positions by a coup of constitutionally minded
civilians and officers. But his beautiful and
dynamic mistress, Eva Duarte, and associates in the
labour unions rallied the workers of greater Buenos
Aires, and Perón was released from custody on
Oct. 17, 1945. That night, from the balcony of the
presidential palace, he addressed 300,000 people,
and his address was broadcast to the nation on
radio. He promised to lead the people to victory in
the pending presidential election and to build with
them a strong and just nation. A few days later he
married Eva, or Evita, as she was popularly called,
who would help him rule Argentina in the years
ahead. 

After a campaign marked by repression of the
liberal opposition by the federal police and by
strong-arm squads, Perón was elected president in
February 1946 with 56 percent of the popular vote.

Descamisados or "The shrtless ones" is a derogatory term
coined by the rich. 

GR.264.4 "pero che, no sos argentino"
"Why not, it's not Argentine."

GR.264.7 Bob Eberle's seen toasts to Tangerine raised in
ev-ry bar
The allusion is to the third stanza of "Tangerine," the song
written by Johnny Mercer, a hit for Bob Eberle in 1941. 
South American stories
tell of a girl who's quite a dream
The beauty of her race.
Though you doubt all the stories
And think that the tales are just a bit extreme,
wait till you see her face
Tangerine
she is all they claim
With her eyes of night and lips as bright as flame
Tangerine
When she dances by
Senoritas stare and caballeros sigh.
And I've seen
toasts to Tangerine
Raised in every bar
across the Argentine,
Yes she has them all on the run
but her heart belongs to just one
her heart belongs to Tangerine.
Tangerine.

GR.264.8  Europe's groaning, clouded alembic
?

GR.264.27 "The tyrant Rosas"
Rosas' 17-year dictatorship, although professing to
be federalist, was in fact centralist and noted for its
law and order through tyranny. His spies and secret
police intimidated all opposition, so that by 1840
few dared to oppose him. He also ordered the
display of his portrait in public places and churches
as a sign of his supreme command. Finally a
coalition of Brazilians, Uruguayans, and native
Argentinians, under the leadership of Justo José de
Urquiza, overthrew Rosas at the Battle of Caseros
(Feb. 3, 1852). Rosas was forced to flee to
England.

GR.265.37 a battered DC-3
?

GR.266.7  Spencer Tracy
one of Hollywood's greatest male leads and the first
actor to receive two consecutive Academy Awards
for best actor. Not having the traditional appearance of a
leading
man, Tracy was typecast as a tough character.
Despite his craggy features, his sincere and expert
acting performances soon established him as one of
the top stars of the 1930s. After switching studios
Tracy appeared in Captains Courageous (1937),
which won him his first Oscar from the Academy of
Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. A year later he
won again for his performance in Boys Town. In
addition he was nominated for Academy Awards
for seven other roles. In 1942 he began what was to
be a lifelong relationship with actress Katharine
Hepburn.

GR.266.11 Richard Halliburton
American travel and adventure writer who spent
most of his adult life exploring the world. Halliburton's
literary career developed out of his
meticulous logging of events that occurred on his
own adventures. His first book, The Royal Road to
Romance (1925), a chronicle of his adventures
during his travels in 1921-23, was a best-seller for
three years and was translated into 15 languages.
Many of his later journeys were patterned after
those taken by famous figures of the past, both
fictitious and real. He followed Ulysses' route
through the Mediterranean and emulated Lord
Byron by swimming the Hellespont. n March 1939 Halliburton
left Hong Kong aboard
a motor-powered Chinese junk called the Sea
Dragon en route to San Francisco. Both he and his
boat disappeared after encountering a severe
typhoon, some 1,200 miles (1,900 km) west of
Midway Island.

GR.266.23 Lowell Thomas
preeminent American radio commentator, and an explorer,
lecturer, author, and journalist. He is especially
remembered for his
association with T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). Thomas'
principal medium was
radio, and his nightly news broadcasts were an
American institution for nearly two generations. His
"sign off"--"So long, until tomorrow!"--became the
title of his autobiography (1977).

GR.267.26 Fatimas
?

GR.267.36 It's Reformation country, Zwingli's town
Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531), the great figure in
Swiss Protestantism, was in fact if anything more
committed to military action than Müntzer because
he fell as a combatant with sword and helmet on the
field of battle. He became a Reformer
independently of Luther, with whom he was entirely
in accord as to justification by faith and
predestination. At certain points Zwingli drew from
Erasmus and Karlstadt, notably with respect to the
disparagement of the sensory aids to religion.
Zwingli, though an accomplished musician,
considered that the function of music was to put the
babies to sleep rather than to worship God. The
organ was dismantled and the images removed from
the cathedral at Zürich. The Lord's Supper was
understood by Zwingli in his most extreme period
simply as a memorial of Christ's death and, on the
part of the recipient, as a public declaration of faith
with more significance for the members of the
congregation who saw him take his stand than for
his own spiritual life. Zwingli could the more
readily retain the baptism of infants because it was
simply a recognition that the child belongs to the
people of God as the child in the Old Testament
belonged by circumcision to Israel. The analogy
with Judaism applied at many points, for Zwingli
regarded the Christian congregation as the new
Israel of God, an elect people, reasonably
identifiable, not as with Müntzer by the new birth
but by adherence to the faith. This company could
be called theocratic in the sense that it was under
the rule of God, whom church and state should alike
serve in close collaboration. The identification of
the whole populace of Zürich with this elect people
was the more tenable because those not in accord
with the ideal were disposed to leave. Zwingli
approved of even an aggressive war to forestall
interference from the Roman Catholic cantons. In
the second war of Kappel he fell in 1531. (See
theocracy.) 

In Zwingli's circle arose the group who formed the
mainstay of the radical Reformation. They shared
with Zwingli, and with all the reformers to a
degree, the desire to restore the church to the
primitive pattern, but they were more drastic in
their restitution. Manifestly the early church had not
been allied with the state. Luther, Zwingli, and
other Reformers saw no sense in forcing the church
back into the period when the state was hostile and
the Christians were persecuted. After the state
became Christian, there could very well be a close
alliance, as indeed there had been in ancient Israel.