A warren in Germantown?

O' lycidas2 at earthlink.net
Fri Nov 3 13:27:47 CST 2000


Shoenmaker's office is "between First and York Avenues, at
the fringes of Germantown." V.HP.40

Germantown? Never heard of it? Oh! That Germantown! 
 

To accommodate population growth during the early part of
the 19th century, a new and
large German neighborhood developed in the 1840S east of the
Bowery and north of Division Street in the tenth and
seventeenth wards. It extended to within sight of
the East River along Avenue D in the eleventh ward and
reached the river in the thirteenth. Known variously as
Kleindeutschland, Dutchtown, Little Germany, and
Deutschlandle, the neighborhood was the major
Gerrnan-American center in the United States for the rest of
the century, with more than a third of the city's
German-American residents. Other German-American
neighborhoods took form directly across the East River in
Williamsburg (connected to Kleindeutschland by ferries at
Houston Street and Grand Street) and across the Hudson in
Hoboken, New Jersey. In 1860 Germans in New York City
numbered more than two hundred thousand, accounting for one
quarter of the city's total
population, and made up the first large immigrant community
in American history that
spoke a foreign language. Natural increase and the arrival
of seventy thousand immigrants who were politically and
economically dislocated by the coalescing German Empire
expanded the city's German population to more than 370,000
by 1880 (about one third of the city's total). New German
settlements were established in Yorkville around 3rd Avenue
and 86th Street and across the East River in Queens, where
Steinway and Sons built a piano factory and company town in
the 1870s. The southern part of  Kleindeutschland, which had
older buildings and was more crowded, was abandoned to more
recent Jewish immigrants from central Europe by the 1880s
and became known as the Lower East Side. Germans were more
religiously diverse than most immigrant groups. The early
German settlers, who were predominately Calvinists, were
later joined by Lutherans and in the nineteenth century by
Catholics from south western Germany. Catholics and Jews
formed their own subcommunities within the city's German
neighborhoods. Adherents of free thought, an outgrowth of
the German Enlightenment, ranged from crusading atheists
to members of small congregations with beliefs similar to
those of Unitarians; free-
thinkers had their own churches, Sunday schools, "anti
revivals," and holidays, and
were  well known for the social events they organized for
non religious Germans in  New York City.  In the nineteenth
century Germans in New York City formed numerous socialist
political associations, including the Workers' League... The
German population in New York City reached a peak of 748,882
in 1900. The population of German Americans in New York City
was reduced to 584,838 by 1920, but the numbers again
increased when about 98,500 Germans fled the economic and
political disorder of their country between the end of the
First World War and 1930. Despite their relative decline in
importance
in New York City in the early twentieth century, Germans
continued to shape the city's
ethnic politics for many years.



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