MDMD "odd isn't it?"
Terrance
lycidas2 at earthlink.net
Sat Oct 6 00:31:44 CDT 2001
"You'd think there'd be a Team form somewhere."
"Perhaps there is." MD.34
Agents of History? Or Antiheroes of paranoid history?
The record shows that well over 100 observations of the 1761 transit
were
made, many by observers other than French or British, but the large
majority of
them simply observed from their home stations in Europe. And even
the French
and British planned only very few expeditions to remote places,
essential though
they would be for obtaining a useful result. Money unquestionably
played a role
here; it was an age before mass production, and a single good,
portable telescope
suited to a transit observation cost some 1,400, which probably
exceeded the
annual salary of the Astronomer Royal by a considerable factor. And
more than
one telescope per expedition was needed in case of accidents. Little
wonder that
the Royal Society of London, which was responsible for the British
expeditions,
tried borrowing or renting equipment whenever possible.
Only in the summer of 1760 did the Royal Society get
down to the details of who would go where, and this in an age when
it was
hoped that a relatively simple voyage down the Atlantic to the
island of St.
Helena and back would be completed within a year. Here, however,
they were
helped in their planning by the French. In charming contrast to our
own times,
we find that while their governments and associated armies and
navies
ferociously fought one another, the Royal Society and Academie
Royale des
Sciences saw no reason not to continue their cordial relations, even
if exchanges
of documents required more circuitous routes than usual. So both
institutions
were aware of each other's plans.
To complement these, it was desirable to have a station in the southern
Atlantic.
Initially the British decided on just one expedition, which would go
to St. Helena.
The expedition would be led by Nevil Maskelyne, later to become
Astronomer
Royal, accompanied by Charles Mason, an experienced observer and
assistant to
the current A. R. (The British always sent at least two observers on
each
expedition in case one should die or be otherwise incapacitated.
Indeed, in the
light of naval warfare, experts advised that the two should "go in
different Ships
... to [avoid] the Risque of both being Embarked on the Same
Bottom." Sound
advice, but economically unfeasible.)
Later, however, it was decided to extend the longitude range of the
sites by
having the British send a second expedition to Bencoolen (today's
Bengkulu), a
small port on the southwest coast of Sumatra.
This would be a long voyage, and it being already September of 1760,
there was
no time to waste. So Charles Mason was abruptly switched to being
principal
observer for Bencoolen, and an assistant for him was hurriedly found
in the
person of land surveyor and amateur astronomer Jeremiah Dixon. The
Royal
Navy was petitioned to provide a ship, which would be faster than
scheduled
sailings of the East India Company' s ships and which would offer
better
protection against French attack. This was granted, and by early
December 1760
Mason and Dixon were aboard HMS Seahorse and "waited only for the
wind."
Mayhem on the Seahorse
In fact, Mason wrote to the Royal
Society firmly advising that "We will not proceed thither, let the
Consequence be
what it will."
The Society's reply minced no words. It warned that "their refusal
to proceed
upon this Voyage, after having so publickly and notoriously ingaged
in it . . .
[would] be a reproach to the Nation in general, to the Royal Society
in particular,
and more Especially and fatally to themselves.... [It] cannot fail
to bring an
indelible Scandal upon their Character, and probably end in their
utter Ruin." In
case this wasn't clear, the Society went on to say it would "with
the most
inflexible Resentment" take Mason and Dixon to court and prosecute
them "with
the utmost Severity of the Law."
A curt reply to this on February 3, 1761, announced that "their
dutiful servants"
would sail that same evening.
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