Fwd: Fw: Russia's genocide handbook
Mark Kohut
mark.kohut at gmail.com
Fri Apr 8 20:02:32 UTC 2022
The genocide handbook explains that the Russian policy of "denazification"
is not directed against Nazis in the sense that the word is normally used.
The handbook grants, with no hesitation, that there is no evidence that
Nazism, as generally understood, is important in Ukraine. It operates
within the special Russian definition of "Nazi": a Nazi is a Ukrainian who
refuses to admit being a Russian. The "Nazism" in question is "amorphous
and ambivalent"; one must, for example, be able to see beneath the world of
appearance and decode he affinity for Ukrainian culture or for the European
Union as "Nazism."
The actual history of actual Nazis and their actual crimes in the 1930s and
1940s is thus totally irrelevant and completely cast aside.
----------
The evidence of atrocity and of intent mounts
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkt2PojAQwP8aeVvSllbKAw97p3uHt2rM6aFPpNBRKtASWnTxr9_u-nTJfCTzkcnMbyrh4GKGKe2NdcGXKdzUQ6rhbltwDoZgtDAUSqYYYTqnOJAplZgzHihbnAeATqg2dcMIQT-WraqEU0Z_NUQY8SQO6jQhcYQrDDSJGScRMDZnnM0xxEhKTNhzrhilAl1BCjcYJqMhaNPaud7OotcZefNi9SRhCO1YWieqJqxM56O912G0Vgn7cgFtKiXhpRZalsY0s-jNmQb0LFrAtMIV-TcdSdtkV_OxXizR5rr7eP-56k_Hndpel2SzaNB639DNYmmzrn1UUzbP9A98Uuix3r_S7b5Svv4h80xt1epeRhv0fly1p3yDRJ6MmUbh_s_-5o6r_HjeqcVme3j8_ZC_bH4Y4rPO1b29Jwezq26P-rc_YUoQIYgijglGEQtJWKKEs5iXcVTysmIitKY931kbzSjqLuS_7YMh7cTQQGPq0fn8JGpjvhMeReF9N2rlpgK0KFuQT0ruyfqbW-EPBoP_AVkIl-I5TShOOMUx5U8oHiPDnPAEs8BPlsZ36fQJ4hMHRcC5>
Russia's genocide handbook
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVksmO4jAQQL-G3Ii8xIl9yKGHpQXTgEY9A6gvkR0XYLI4nTgd0l8_BuYykhep6pVKqle5dHC27Zg2tnPB_cnc2EBaw9CV4By0Qd9BmxmdYoSjOMKBTiONOeOB6bJTC1BJU6au7SFoelWaXDpj63sBxYiLJLikKmaxEiI5xYgIHDHKGUHolLBYxIgKePaVvTZQ55DCF7SjrSEo04tzTTehLxOy9KerRw1t2PWqczIvwtxWPtr42_ZdZ2Q3PUNtc6NhepG1VtYWE7p0toB6QucwrnFO9uORlMXqam-b-QJtr79ub7P1oOgW_Yvjze_zuJsXt-37YORhie6s59h2vmC7-YNvcroxO7Me9GHlNt-LwfN0ZQaT073xvMlfxbee4fHjsLzq1_JLmbUIP2c_VYyPuz_F_hjzt-nmvVofIfqIX8y4uPWDID9G9ln1p34TmJQgQlCEOCYYURaSUCHBWcJVQhVXOZNhZ8vTwEo6iVB1Jv-NJWjTSrYFFPbSO58f5cXaR8I7yvxf9bVxYwa1VCXopz73XIKH0MxPElq_HDqTLsVxJCIseISTiD9teb8Mc8IFZoHvrK2vqtOnob839Mjj>The
evidence of atrocity and of intent mounts
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkE2OwyAMhU9TdhMBAeosWMxmrhFBcBrUBCJwpsrthzabkSz_yLLe8zc5wkcup91zJfZOI5072oSvuiIRFnZULGMMVnChjBIsWBUEaGCxjnNB3FxcLZUD2X74NU6OYk7vg15wGO5ssVpzOZvBKa78DELB7MCg0soYg9McLl13hIhpQou_WM6ckK12Idrrrf--yZ8W9fCV3PTspry1cS95jiu2rudGgNDwRXHLtJxfNZ2hWY9Wcim54iCk4L3uZOf5APoO_t578JN2Xc3r_NJrf1N8e8juvwYrdnPlic-8HNT2p1ty_izap2Or25EinSMm51cMFwS6UH6wjA9MWBriMDqywqhBiQGUuCu4fm6UtAAJg9CsKYfcrpK93P8BK6yJ1g>
Timothy Snyder
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkE2OwyAMhU9TdhMBAeosWMxmrhFBcBrUBCJwpsrthzabkSz_yLLe8zc5wkcup91zJfZOI5072oSvuiIRFnZULGMMVnChjBIsWBUEaGCxjnNB3FxcLZUD2X74NU6OYk7vg15wGO5ssVpzOZvBKa78DELB7MCg0soYg9McLl13hIhpQou_WM6ckK12Idrrrf--yZ8W9fCV3PTspry1cS95jiu2rudGgNDwRXHLtJxfNZ2hWY9Wcim54iCk4L3uZOf5APoO_t578JN2Xc3r_NJrf1N8e8juvwYrdnPlic-8HNT2p1ty_izap2Or25EinSMm51cMFwS6UH6wjA9MWBriMDqywqhBiQGUuCu4fm6UtAAJg9CsKYfcrpK93P8BK6yJ1g>
Apr 8
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Russia has just issued a genocide handbook for its war on Ukraine. The
Russian official press agency "RIA Novosti" published last Sunday an
explicit program for the complete elimination of the Ukrainian nation as
such. It is still available
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtUMuOwyAM_Jpy24hnQg4c9rK_ERlwGpQEKh5b5e-XtitZ9khjazzjoOI95cs8Uqnk1ZZ6PdBEfJYDa8VMWsG8BG8YZXKUjHgjPdNKk1CWNSOeEA5Tc0PyaPYIDmpI8XUgGNXzRDbjAK12I1-FpY6DUl6AEwgr-lnYFT660HzA6NDgL-YrRSSH2Wp9lJv4vvGfXjnAkFsHnHJOJRUdtj1DiPDFJt3fm0eqhq2eBwnmf0kzzqhQAx8snbWatJ2E1dYpGEo61qc6xE3S886H0myp4PbBpZNkc0LecU9bq52_YEvpTXSTS59ni6FeC0awB_qP__pJ8Z3IcseIuafrF6iGjXKWbNaSTVJ_7PaAFNNcz0yRruxTv4qmxMtj_gP1LYby>
for viewing, and has now been translated several times into English
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuupCAQhp_muMMAouKCxWzmNUwBZcs0guFyOr79YJuQInX5U3--MlDwFdOlzphLd4e1XCeqgJ_ssRRMXc2YVmcVo0xMgnVWCcvkKDuX1y0hHuC8Kqlid1btnYHiYrgFA6NymbtdWTOwgeMEI5cUNkmN0BPwZROascnOz16o1mEwqPAX0xUDdl7tpZz5Z_jzw_-2d6B19ehNPO5c0HeCX7NjeMf1uEufHQrJe6zeklRzdkBsJB9XdlLbrAtISoKQ_dciiRsBcqZ4wguCBQKpOOOR6KvVH30g_2JNAbzLhcCAC8fB6El0TnHKORVUMs7oMPa813SR4yz1PGipzQh9jn77jH5oTo8X73PVuYB53_67pA5Ib3zHvZbWv2CP8dtoDNf2HzW4cq0YQHu0D97yHOkLfH1hwNSOZ1coik1iEWyRgs1CPjQb_5FJLhc2dm2zjU0VVA6XxfQfXOGsAQ>
.
As I have been saying
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkMuKxCAQRb8m7jr4SqILFwND_0bwUelIJxp8TJO_H7vDLAYsC6u4XO-xusAjplMdMRf0vuZyHqACvPIGpUBCNUOavVMEEz5ygpzijohBIJ_nJQHs2m-qpAroqGbzVhcfw1vACBZyQqvClBHJtF4kXuyyCE5HIfDIjRTETGS8fHV1HoIFBT-QzhgAbWot5cgd--rovZ0cTgepz9Xkou2zt3Fv06PVA0K03sFNB3f7e3Ts3rTfCXlFMaWYY0EowWzoaW-wFMMkzMSMMHbQfY7b8ho21nG8P-g_D5TUrtMTnnGtpe1Pvcb4WbTAc-t7Db6cMwRtNnAXi3IR_dCZ248gNdJu1kWRkUtOpOBk4uKK3mANRFAhyYCas4tNFdQV9xcFb4w7>
since the war began
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7DSA0OKCxWzmGgawuiUiGCjGePvB7oS8ItTfy4czCO-UL32kguSWGa8DdISzBECETGqBPPtFM8rEUzCyaLEwJRXxZX5lgN34oDFXIEe1wTuDPsW7YWBUTSNZ9WsSTgr-YnKUT7tQxSQb3HNgg3Uwcfvda-riITrQ8Af5ShFI0CviUR7Dz4P_tnOeZ29baYrvkCz0Lu3tlVPOW6C3cNEkHT42C-12VPSxdKvHALkLfoMOs3db6dA49K50dcvGR2i1xOt7EhXNHmd0kD3vLZ2UHJUdB6usk6YvKbxOGYaHoPub96Xa0iZttxOS9W7yBltaK7b8ZdaUPomGZW5xr9HjNUM0NsDyJYZf7h-G8xsi5PYfy2xQs6eYBJuUYKNQX0ANqWSKq4lJ0jYvqXVFXeK1QP4HpLGY7g>,
"denazification" in official Russian usage just means the destruction of
the Ukrainian state and nation. A "Nazi," as the genocide manual explains,
is simply a human being who self-identifies as Ukrainian. According to the
handbook, the establishment of a Ukrainian state thirty years ago was the
"nazification of Ukraine." Indeed "any attempt to build such a state" has
to be a "Nazi" act. Ukrainians are "Nazis" because they fail to accept
"the necessity that the people support Russia." Ukrainians should suffer
for believing that they exist as a separate people; only this can lead to
the "redemption of guilt."
For anyone still out there who believes that Putin's Russia opposes the
extreme right in Ukraine or anywhere else, the genocide program is a chance
to reconsider. Putin's Russian regime talks of “Nazis” not because it
opposes the extreme right, which it most certainly does not, but as a
rhetorical device to justify unprovoked war and genocidal policies. Putin’s
regime *is* the extreme right. It is the world center of fascism. It
supports fascists and extreme-right authoritarians around the world. In
traducing the meaning of words like "Nazi," Putin and his propagandists are
creating more rhetorical and political space for fascists in Russia and
elsewhere.
The genocide handbook explains that the Russian policy of "denazification"
is not directed against Nazis in the sense that the word is normally used.
The handbook grants, with no hesitation, that there is no evidence that
Nazism, as generally understood, is important in Ukraine. It operates
within the special Russian definition of "Nazi": a Nazi is a Ukrainian who
refuses to admit being a Russian. The "Nazism" in question is "amorphous
and ambivalent"; one must, for example, be able to see beneath the world of
appearance and decode he affinity for Ukrainian culture or for the European
Union as "Nazism."
The actual history of actual Nazis and their actual crimes in the 1930s and
1940s is thus totally irrelevant and completely cast aside. This is
perfectly consistent with Russian warfighting in Ukraine. No tears are
shed in the Kremlin over Russian killing of Holocaust survivors or Russian
destruction of Holocaust memorials, because Jews and the Holocaust have
nothing to do with the Russian definition of "Nazi." This explains why
Volodymyr Zelens'kyi, although a democratically-elected president, and a
Jew with family members who fought in the Red Army and died in the
Holocaust, can be called a Nazi. Zelens'kyi, is a Ukrainian, and that is
all that "Nazi" means.
On this absurd definition, where Nazis have to be Ukrainians and Ukrainians
have to be Nazis, Russia cannot be fascist, no matter what Russians do.
This is very convenient. If "Nazi" has been assigned the meaning
"Ukrainian who refuses to be Russian" then it follows that no Russian can
be a Nazi. Since for the Kremlin being a Nazi has nothing to do with fascist
ideology
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7DSAoLhgMZu5hgEpW9IKhp823n7KMSHvJRRVr_IxmwLvmC59xFzILVO5DtABzrxBKZBIzZAm7zSjTPSCEaeFY0oq4vO0JIDd-E2XVIEc1W5-NsXHcDd0jKpxIKu2VA5usTBwLkYlJTWO2p6rnvFx7Ch9ck11HsIMGr6QrhiAbHot5civ7ufFf_Gc59mGy8b4ye0cd7xxmH2hc8oUGu1QWI_ivyY0WPOhOWrxITfH6reY47FCauLSpJqzxzeLybPP9yziNaecU0EV44x2suWtpbjvoOzQWWVnadoct-WUW_cSdH_zNlebi5k_9zok6d2kD3ziWgvWL7PG-F9ALhP6XoMv1wTB2A3cg6w84P8hTm8IkPBD3GSKZr0YBRuVYINQDyFkKpniamSSYLKL2BV0DpeD9AfIPpjp>,
swastika-like symbols, big lies, rallies, rhetoric of cleansings,
aggressive wars, abductions of elites, mass deportations, and the mass
killing
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtUUGOwyAQe025NQJCGnLgsJf9RjTApEFNoIJho_x-yXalkX0YG4-MA8Jnyqd5p0LsgpnON5qIR9mQCDOrBfMcvBFcqIcSzBvlhR40C2VeMuIOYTOUK7J3tVtwQCHFy9ALrqeRraaXi-5hAVRy9G5R4IWVg1NWqIU30ScXqg8YHRr8wXymiGwzK9G73Pqvm_xucxxHd0BZQ3xSipepc2m_FilvvrHkUjbi6oJHA1vdCncLuU0o-x0oJxcoYLnnWkqAeC9pa7m5NDUL5nqBK66FFLwfOtlZPulh1HbsrbZugK7pl2PY-pvi-1N2pdpC4F7XJSybHfILX2mt1PYnrCn9LVozc-O9xkDnjBHshv5TGn2q_6txfmLE3L7Ez0BGPNSkxKSVGNV_R63VQWipJzGwluxTc0VT4ukx_wL6S5sl>
of civilians, Russians can do all of these things without ever having to
ask if they themselves on the wrong side of the historical ledger. And so
we find Russians implementing fascist policies in the name of
"denazification."
The Russian handbook is one of the most openly genocidal documents I have
ever seen. It calls for the liquidation of the Ukrainian state, and for
abolition of any organization that has any association with Ukraine. It
postulates that the "majority of the population" of Ukraine are "Nazis,"
which is to say Ukrainians. (This is clearly a reaction to Ukrainian
resistance; at war's beginning the assumption was that there were only a
few Ukrainians and that they would be easily eliminated. This was clear in
another text published in RIA Novosti, the victory declaration
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkcuKwzAMRb-m3o2x4mcWXsxmfiP4oTSmSVxsZ0r-ftxmMyAkuNLlwlFwDe-5nPaZayPvNrXziXbHV12xNSzkqFimFC0wEEoAiVZEMNKQVKe5IG4urbaVA8nz8GsKrqW8vw0cmBk1Wew4jzNGzk3Q4GeplIc4BgUsaK4i01euO2LCPaDFXyxn3pGsdmntWW_8-zb89Hqhp66EJf0izeV-Kb0PbHiXYhJAii78s5XkaDn-Hb21XGs63RdoLUENnCu6tG0lyX6OBDMwAOOSDtSz0UhtvObe-CAdrXmdX3LlN8G2-0Dr4Wtz4UFD3kixmysPfOTlaH1_uiXnz6KDmfrcjj21c8Ld-RXjxaxd5D8UpzvuWPpH4uSaBSVGAaMRoIW5EHWoEsxgRpCkJ8fcXbut-xmx_AHD75Sw>
of 26 February.) Such people, "the majority of the population," so more
than twenty million people, are to be killed or sent to work in "labor
camps" to expurgate their guilt for not loving Russia. Survivors to be
subject to "re-education." Children will be raised to be Russian. The
name "Ukraine" will disappear.
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUsmu3SAM_ZrLLhFjAgsWT5X6GxGDM_QmkAJ5t-nXlySrSsij7GN87EyBKaZT7zEXdImhnDvoAJ-8QimQ0JEhDYvXBBPecYK85p5IIdGShzEBbGZZdUkHoP2w6-JMWWK4ChjBUvVo1thh4bgdlbIcW2nAqc6zTnLVUUcEeXDN4RcIDjR8QzpjALTquZQ9v9jXi_6sz_nQ5sPmYty7dXGroWUzE1Q9QnHzpWubEl_0x-_HYF9TjL764zrsKU4Jcl6-ocZzAdhrxQNBxQUiLpgq7OHeUPOpASysdZI31hjWcNZDowSRjfGWUQt9ryRvM2vNZv7GYD75mav2eJZxm_eQ-TY75yyMyjV9R2o_qaCRXqiGEcopk5wq0w1C8T9Mde2vHSa0aIopxRxLQglmoqWtxUqKXtqeWWmdMG2O6_gRK3txvE30vx2hpDeT3vCO81Fq_jRzjHeiDjhUvR1hKecAwdgV_ENkec7hpnaYIECqZ-IHUzTpuOKkfpr0XD68VabrRqhURKCK7GOtCjqH00P6B2BNxPs>
A
girl looks back as she is being evacuated from Irpin. Many civilians who
remained in that Kyiv suburb were murdered by Russian servicemen. According
to local officials, their bodies were then crushed with tanks.
Had this genocide handbook appeared at some other time and in a more
obscure outlet, it might have escaped notice. But it was published right
in the middle of the Russian media landscape during a Russian war of
destruction explicitly legitimated by the Russian head of state's claim
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUcGuhCAM_JrlpgHEFQ8c3uX9hkHoKlkFA-UZ__7V3YS0TYbpTKbOIiwpX-ZIBdldJrwOMBHOsgEiZFYL5Cl4I7hQTyWYN8oL3WsWyvTKALsNm8FcgR113oKzGFK8CZ3gehzYargbxaDVoIRyopufVnQ9-N5paV9KjuKra6sPEB0Y-IN8pQhsMyviUR7dz0P-0jvPsz1tWUNcMMWb1Lq0E5COEEm00Ci5lNR4d893OSqG2CwQkwsems3GpdoFmvrONkRoznBAkyo2BSmLhv5EDHgRkwVzb-OKayEF7_pWtjMfdT_oeehmPbvetiVtr7Pfuofi-yLbUmfa4963MZbNbvMb3mmtSPhl15Q-AAU1Ud9rJKUJop038N8M8XuJT6oTuYZMrvxk0YinGpUYtRKD0t_IKOReaKlH0TNS9olY0ZR4ecj_l92f8Q>
that a neighboring nation did not exist. It was published on a day when
the world was learning of a mass murder of Ukrainians committed by
Russians.
Russia's genocide handbook was published on April 3, two days after the
first revelation that Russian servicemen in Ukraine had murdered hundreds
of people in Bucha
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE2OhCAQhU_T7NoIosKCxWzmGoafUkkjGMAx3n7KNiEUqZfivfqsrrCkfKk9lUrua6rXDirCWQLUCpkcBfLknaIt5QOnxCnuqOgF8WWaM8CmfVA1H0D2wwRvdfUp3gMdbYUcyapGkNTNIHvJW2eGsWOoMGHtYGbJuH589eE8RAsK_iBfKQIJaq11L6_u58V-8Zzn2WCwK-UP5MamDXt3UCzOl11Xu-LTphDAVh-Xt0n4ZXn7-DaHXTXxirWMtbwVFCN0fcMa00rRj8KMnRHG9ropKcxnH7oXb7eFNeUwpWr7ue1IVptG709aj4r6pdeUvgJuPmHdjujrNUHUJoB7oNQH7RfTtECEjMjdpKuiA5ecSsHpyMXDAKn1FNFI2hN0dgmnoirxcpD_AZ5LkQM>,
and just as the story was reaching major newspapers. The Bucha massacre
was one of several cases of mass killing that emerged as Russian troops
withdrew from the Kyiv region. This means that the genocide program was
knowingly published even as the physical evidence of genocide was
emerging. The writer and the editors chose this particular moment to make
public a program for the elimination of the Ukrainian nation as such.
As a historian of mass killing
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM2K4zAQhJ8musWoZdmWDzrMwCx73wcw-ukkIrJkpPYaz9OPMoGmGrq6KPicIbzncuotV2IvWejcUCc8akQiLGyvWJbgNXCQowTmtfSgBsVCXW4FcTUhaio7sm23MThDIadXoAeu5ok9dO8myd04gjLcoUA_Wj7eOAgE6C30716z-4DJocb_WM6ckEX9INrqpf-4iD9tjuPozGq-c-pcXtvhM-bso0m-Xr_2kje8fiIdiOn6N1DEcv1HJobUPv3WBAYJI-d8BBa04EJwyRUI4P3Qic7yWQ2TslNvlXWD6WqOt2OI_UXy9S66uttKxj1f3azo1ZQnPvNjp-af5pHzr9EYLG2vewp0LpiMjejfeOgN-RfYcseEpcH3iyENo5wlzErCJNWbRuM3gBJqhoG1Zp9bKumaTo_lB3Rdkf8>,
I am hard pressed to think of many examples where states explicitly
advertise the genocidal character of their own actions right at at the
moment those actions become public knowledge. From a legal perspective,
the existence of such a text (in the larger context of similar statements
and Vladimir Putin's repeated denial that Ukraine exists) makes the charge
of genocide far easier to make. Legally, genocide means both actions that
destroy a group in whole or in part, combined with some intention to do
so. Russia has done the deed and confessed to the intention.
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