NP just Russia: "What is Putin thinking?"
Mark Kohut
mark.kohut at gmail.com
Thu Feb 17 10:20:03 UTC 2022
Historian Timothy Snyder, who is so knowledgeably anti-Nazi that he is
also anti-authoritarian to the max, reflects on Putin and possible
motivations.
----- Forwarded Message -----
*From:* Timothy Snyder from "Thinking about... <snyder at substack.com>
*To:* "markekohut at yahoo.com" <markekohut at yahoo.com>
*Sent:* Tuesday, February 15, 2022, 10:54:14 AM EST
*Subject:* "What is Putin thinking?"
Now "what?" but "how"? With fear and
death.
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkk1v4jAQhn8NuRH5KyEcfKCl1YYlICq2wF4ixx6ISWJHiQMNv37dclppPqSZeTUaPSOFg4vtRt7a3gXfIXdjC9zAva_BOeiCoYcu14pjhFnMcKA4UziJkkD3-bkDaISuuesGCNqhqLUUTlvzLaAYJfNZUPIZmSVzhQkqIqoUEQxoXMQ0EuqME4jIc68YlAYjgcMNutEaCGpeOtf2E7qYkHdvvRkVdGE_FL0TsgqlbXy19X4vhZvqftoOTpupK7WptLlM6LuzFZgJXcK4wpJ8jkdSV-nVfmXLN7S57r7Wr6v2dNzp7fWNbJa7aLNcoGyf9mlTP-SYxql5wSeNHtl-wbZ7qf38Qx1SvdWre0E3aH1c1afDBonDfEgNCufZx8fvdvNZFejy51efV-u_-_3hlY0vrI2z41ZmrTg97tKSPtCcIOINRziKKElCEsYJiiiSsUSYFsDOIbqRmyrP1YSh5kL-Oz3oeCO6CipbDs73R1Fa-9PwHHKfm8FoN-ZgRFGDeiJyT9A_0PILGOj8A6hcOI5jxuYMMUwpQk8iniFLEkRpEgV-s7JeZfiTwj-Rk76o>
"What is Putin thinking?"
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkk2P2jAQhn8NuRH5KyE5-LBaYAvbQFely6qXyLEnxCTYaeKQDb--Zuml0nxIM-9opHlGCgcn2028tb0L7iF3UwvcwNg34Bx0wdBDl2vFMcIsZjhQnCmcREmg-7zsAC5CN9x1AwTtUDRaCqetuQ9QjJJ0EVS8pISiRElIilIsIpBkQVK6EIotQOAYHnvFoDQYCRyu0E3WQNDwyrm2n9GnGVl7682koAv7oeidkHUo7cVXW-9jJdxc9_N2cNrMXaVNrc1pRtfO1mBmdAnTFkvyPn2Qpt6c7We2XKHd-e3z-_N2LOgO_auj_fI0ZreM7X6OWhzX6K71OrQ_vI275Wry-lbSTO_1dlTHjctuq3G_rOlGj1rSd-31Wr6kN_WMp9_H9Vm9NNdCb9NQiXFYo89Vnv56jUlf1SVbtT-6w9Ortgf3Mf8mjn8ghzrO6kBzgog3HOEooiQJSRgnKKJIxhJhWgArQ3QlV1WV9Yyhy4n8d5Og4xfR1VDbanC-P4nK2q-GB5T7fBmMdlMORhQNqAc79_iAL5r5CQx0_jNULhzHMWMpQwxTitADlYfLkgRRmkSB36ysnzL8gecv1bLJeA>Now
"what?" but "how"? With fear and death.
Timothy Snyder
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkMtuhDAMRb9msivKm7DIopv-BgqJGSIgQYmZir9vZthUsvyQZd3r4x3CM5fLHrkieacRrwNsgt-6ASIUclYoYwyWUSa1ZCRYGZhRhsQ6zgVgd3GzWE4gxzlt0TuMOb0PBKNm6Mli9TQMkxM9Y7p3NHipnJ57rTj3fqJe37ruDBGSBwsvKFdOQDa7IB71Ib4f_KdFPaeKzq-dz3sbj5LnuEHrBNXMMGW-MO4Zl-urpis069FyylswxZQS3HS804Yq0TQ9ZWICOXf0xV9hmdeHpPuTd_81SLG7KyuseTmx7S-35PxZtE_HVvczRbxGSG7aINwQ8Eb5wTI-IUFpiMPo0DIt5SCpZEJQev_cKEljqBBGkaYccrtK9nb_BxdSiYc>
Feb
15
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"What is Putin thinking?" This is an attractive way of posing the question
about Russian military operations. It simplifies, because it allows us to
focus on one person. It is engaging, because we can never know. Putin and
his observers can be satisfied with such a framing: Putin because it lends
him the spotlight he needs to play his shadow games, observers because it
keeps them guessing what strange beast is projected against the wall.
It is a misleading question, though, because a tyrant never thinks alone.
The history and literature of tyranny
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtUEmOwyAQfE04WuwmBw5zmW9YGNoxsg0WtBPx-yHJSK1eVKpqVXmH8Mil2TNXJO82YTvBJnjVHRChkKtCmWKwjDKpJSPBysCMMiTWaSkAh4u7xXIBOa95j95hzOlNEIya-0hWy_TINadiDCE4vXQVIcdxYVqNQd4d_f51V4iQPFh4Qmk5AdntinjWm_i58d9er1fKBXMafD76Oee81T6xFZewLyRaTnkvpphSgpuBD9pQJajXnjIxg1wG-uTPsC7bTdLjwYd6zRWd396apNjDlQ22vF7Y8ebWnD9Adzb1eVwpYpsguXmH8DWN3-g-MUwPSFB6pGFy2G1LeZdUMiHov8eeijSGCmEU6Z9D7qxka2oByh8mtoPS>
suggests that there is no such thing as solitude. A tyrant might appear
isolated, but in reality thinks together with two ruthlessly inseparable
companions: fear and death. If we consider the tyrant's companions,
Putin's actions in Ukraine might begin to make a bit more sense.
Death first. No one must speak of a tyrant's death, least of all he. And
yet death is present, growing ever closer, the silence around it ever
louder. Ever more ambitious projects must be summoned to banish the
unmentionable. If the dreams are grand enough, perhaps they can even
transcend death, by binding the tyrant's memory with the eternal history of
the nation. This is one way to understand the odd essay
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMuOhSAMhp_msDTc5SxYzGZegyDUI1HBcHHi2w8ek6btn6b528_ZCp-UL32kUtGdTL0O0BH-yga1QkatQDbBa4IJl5wgr7knSigUipkzwG7DpmtugI42bcHZGlK8FxjB6j2iRcMIoGZuFWWzY0pOcqRCgBoBEzIp-vja5gNEBxpOyFeKgDa91HqUF_t50d8eEIc1w76FOOR26xNiLb05MpTgu-j9fXkvUhJFUNAU0x5EECEYVQMdpMKCYScdJmwCPg_4pKdf5vXF8f6hQ2lTqdatg0s7ynq3eYU1La32-WWXlL6D_qrpdW8x1MtAtNMG_qFQH5ZfLuYDEXJn7I2tmkjO3xxzwhjGz9MdE1cKM6YE6s4-9a2oS7w85H9qO4l7>
in which Putin imagines a millennial unity of Russia and Ukraine. The myth
suggests a grand project, to be delivered by a decisive deed: a crushing
military invasion of a weaker neighboring country. And so a tyrant,
thinking with death, devises a policy that delivers it to others.
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUkmOpTAMPc3PDpQRwiKLUkl9DZTBDA0kdBJ-FXX6DtCblizbsWM_y89WZxhDPNUeUkaX6vO5g_LwlVbIGSI6EsR-dopgwhtOkFPcESkkmlM_RIBNz6vK8QC0H2adrc5z8FcBI1h2LZqUk5YZDpY1WLcNYZZaawkG3mpodYMfXH24GbwFBW-IZ_CAVjXlvKcX-3jRX0Ws83U6TMraLrUNWwnNmx6h2AGynS5b2uTwop9_Hod9jCG48h7Wfo9hjJDS_IYSTxlgLxUPBBUXiLhgijKHXaDkYwVYGGMlr4zWrOKshaoTRFbaGUYNtG0neZ1YrTf9E7z-Ss9cpcezjNu9h0y320oH3Dauoo7iig9EVKaTprJaECGGdjCU9gJ334zj-vcOI5oVxbQIuT4wKmtaNxILhm1jMWEG-FDjN327aVheHG8j_W9HKKpNxwWWMB255E89hXAnyoB9sdvh53z24LVZwT1E5uccbmr7ETzEciau11mRhvOOY04Yw_94K0xzKTFjUqCC7EKp8ir500H8C4ssxak>
And yet. A tyrant thinks with death, but also with fear, and the second
can be a check on the first. The very sincerity of a tyrant's wish to
overcome death can leave him vulnerable. It can lead him to undertake
projects that, in their very grandeur, expose him to ridicule or defeat.
Perhaps here Putin might have grasped the folly of invading Ukraine: not
for Russia or its interests, about which he need not care, but for
himself. Should Russia face difficulty in a war, as it eventually would,
this could generate opposition, from people who want their sons back from
the front, from people who want peace. Putin could face a challenge, so to
speak, from the left.
I would suspect, though, that fear directs Putin's thoughts in another
direction. If he undertakes a major war now, with no element of surprise
and facing a concerted Western response, this will strengthen the party of
war inside the Russian state. Putin would then face a challenge, so to
speak, from the right. He might not be able to keep the spotlight on
himself. People would want to know what his generals and intelligence
officers thought. New Russian heroes might return from the front. Putin's
shadow games would matter less, and the fog of war would matter more.
Under its cover, power could shift, new men could rise, and an old tyrant
could recede.
A tyrant thinks along with fear and death. In the case of Putin and
Ukraine, thinking with death has perhaps generated a grand vision; thinking
with fear has perhaps reminded a tyrant of the kinship of vision and
vulnerability. Seeing how tyrants think cannot replace the knowledge about
what is taking place. But it can help us to orient and to liberate
ourselves. Repeatedly asking "What is Putin thinking?" leaves us
mesmerized by shadows. Remembering how a tyrant must think breaks the
spell.
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