GRGR(12)NOTES (7)

[Terrance F. Flaherty]

GR.268.2  Allen Dulles
U.S. diplomat and intelligence expert who was
director (1953-61) of the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) during its early period of growth. 

When the United States entered World War II,
Dulles was recruited by Colonel William J.
Donovan for the Office of Strategic Services
(OSS), an intelligence service. From October 1942
to May 1945 he served as chief of the OSS office in
Bern, playing, in particular, a notable role in the
events that led to the surrender of German troops in
northern Italy. 

In 1948 Dulles was made chairman of a three-man
committee charged with surveying the U.S.
intelligence system. After the CIA was established
in 1951, he served as deputy director under General
Walter Bedell Smith, and in 1953 he was appointed
director by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The
agency was effective in a number of major
operations, notably the overthrow of the
governments of Mohammad Mosaddeq in Iran in
1953 and Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954. It
also succeeded in obtaining a copy of Nikita
Khrushchev's secret speech of 1956 denouncing
Stalin. It was, however, embarrassed by the
downing of a U-2 intelligence plane over the Soviet
Union on the eve of a scheduled summit conference
in June 1960. 

Reappointed by President John F. Kennedy, Dulles
was implicated in the failure of the Bay of Pigs
invasion of Cuba in April 1961 and resigned that autumn. 

GR.268.6 oss, the late, corrupt, dark-age Latin
?

GR.268.17 when Shays fought
(August 1786-February 1787), uprising in western
Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and
stringent economic conditions. Armed bands forced
the closing of several courts to prevent execution of
foreclosures and debt processes. In September
1786 Daniel Shays and other local leaders led
several hundred men in forcing the Supreme Court
in Springfield to adjourn. Shays led a force of
about 1,200 men in an attack (January 1787) on the
federal arsenal at Springfield, which was repulsed.
Pursued by the militia, on February 4 he was
decisively defeated at Petersham and fled to
Vermont. As a result of the rebellion, the
Massachusetts legislature enacted laws easing the
economic condition of debtors.

GR.268.19 sprigs of hemlock in their hats
Weisenburger cites Graves "White Goddess 12 ?


GR.269.10 Atlantis, of the Suggenthal
Weisenburger cites Grimm?