Sorta Tangential to the forty-fifth parallel....given the T Event chapter we haved just passed thru

Wed Apr 2 12:59:48 CDT 2008

>From a "steam engineer" in 1938 named Callendar.......

  He concluded that the trend toward higher temperatures was significant, especially north of the forty-fifth parallel; that increased use of fossil fuels had caused a rise of the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere of about ten percent from nineteenth century levels; and that increased sky radiation from the extra CO2 was linked to the rising temperature trend. Although he was an amateur meteorologist, Callendar worked on a truly global scale, compiling a reliable world data set of surface temperatures from earliest times and insisting- long before it became fashionable to do so-that climatology must deal with physics and atmospheric dynamics. Even in the depths of World War II Callendar remained active in climate research, publishing two papers while working on technical problems (including infrared absorption) with the Ministry of Supply. In 1944 climatologist Gordon Manley noted Callendar's valuable contributions to the study of climatic change. A decade later,
 Gilbert Plass and Charles Keeling consulted with Callendar before beginning their research programs. Just before the beginning of the IGY, Hans Seuss and Roger Revelle referred to the "Callendar effect," defined as climatic change brought about by anthropogenic increases in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, primarily through the processes of combustion. Until recently, Callendar has been a neglected figure in the history of science. Now, his correspondence with such notables as Hubert Lamb, J. Murray Mitchell, Helmut Landsberg, and others mentioned above, and some ninety-five of his notebooks, held at the University of East Anglia, have been preserved, indexed, scanned, and are being made available to researchers as digital images. These documents contain data, charts, notes, reviews, and many candid insights into the state of climate science between 1936 and 1964. This collection is being supplemented by a set of Callendar's complete published works and by
 research in other archival repositories that will help provide a more complete account of the life and work of this most remarkable and dynamic climatologist. 

  Session 1, History Symposium

Mark Kohut <markekohut at yahoo.com> wrote:
    from Chumps of Chance blog on Against the Day
  "[...] try for a moment to imagine that, except in the most limited and trivial ways, history does not take place north of the forty-fifth parallel." That latitude is the northernmost historic reach of Islam, a cultural and climatic high tide mark that has spooked Europeans and vexed the Turks since the 17th century.

  A-and more.........................Look at a globe.....

  TRP seems to mean Danilo's words....?.....

  From the far North, come BAD THINGS.......to act on History.................

Mark Kohut <markekohut at yahoo.com> wrote:
    the line from St. Lawrence waterway to the sea marked the line............British possessions
  above, America below..........

  and in another book on Google Books  we learn how important that parallel was thruout
  Europe...........goes thru Cairo, i believe, the book says.

Note: forwarded message attached.

---------------------------------
  You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you one month of Blockbuster Total Access, No Cost.From: "Paul Nightingale" <isread at btinternet.com>
To: <pynchon-l at waste.org>
Subject: Atdtda29: A specifically Western prejudice, 827
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2008 17:27:33 +0100

[827.1-2] Silence, however welcome, would have betrayed the unspoken Law of
the Café, which was that jabbering, regardless of topic, never pause.

And so to ...

[827.39-40] Danilo, having arranged to meet Cyprian at a café just below the
Castle, found a pale and sybaritic youth.

And then ...

[828.5-7] "I know it is difficult for an Englishman, but try for a moment to
imagine that, except in the most limited and trivial ways, history does not
take place north of the forty-fifth parallel.

At the outset, "jabbering" is judgemental, indicative of Cyprian's
alienation. His pov is rapidly replaced by Danilo's take on Cyprian himself,
which will itself be echoed in Cyprian's take on Max Klautsch on 831. The
alternative history that Danilo offers reminds us that Smith's Pynchon and
History takes as its starting point White's writing on history, in
particular Metahistory, which tracks the retreat from realism in
history-writing. Consider, from the Introduction:

... it is possible to view historical consciousness as a specifically
Western prejudice by which the presumed superiority of modern industrial
society can be retroactively substantiated.

Subsequently ...

Historiographical disputes on the level of "interpretation" are in reality
disputes over the "true" nature of the historian's enterprise. History
remains in the state of conceptual anarchy in which the natural sciences
existed during the sixteenth century, when there were as many different
conceptions of "the scientific enterprise" as there were metaphysical
positions. In the sixteenth century, the different conceptions of what
"science" ought to be ultimately reflected different conceptions of
"reality" and the different epistemologies generated by them. So, too,
disputes over what "history" ought to be reflect similarly varied
conceptions of what a proper historical explanation ought to consist of and
different conceptions, therefore, of the historian's task.

From: Hayden White, Metahistory, John Hopkins, 1973, 2, 13.

In AtD one might note the frequency with which the historical account, as
here, is rendered as discourse, ie spoken by a character within the
narrative.

---------------------------------
  You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you one month of Blockbuster Total Access, No Cost.

---------------------------------
You rock. That's why Blockbuster's offering you one month of Blockbuster Total Access, No Cost.
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